1. Intshayelelo kumbhobho wentsimbi engenanto
Umbhobho wentsimbi engenanto yindawo yokunganyangeki, ukukholisa okukhohlakeleyo, kunye ne-pipe enganyangekiyo yobushushu obuphezulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasimo yenziwa kwi-Alloty yentsimbi, iChromium, neNickel. Umxholo we-chromium unika intsimbi engenasitali yokunganyangeki ngokuqulunqa ungqimba olucekeceke kumphezulu wombhobho. Lo mkhulu ukhusela umbhobho kwi-rust kunye ne-corosion, uyenzela ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobunzima.
Ngokweziphumo zokukhangela, imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile ziyafumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo namabanga. Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka imibhobho engaxinanga, imibhobho ye-wellded, kunye nemibhobho etsalwayo ebandayo. Amabakala emibhobho yentsimbi engenanto anokuchazwa ngokwamanqanaba aliqela, anjenge-austeritic, i-Ferric, iDurplex, i-duppex, i-upckel alloy.
Umzekelo, imibhobho yentsimbi engenasimo i-Austetitic, enje nge-304 (0CR18), 321 (i-321), kunye ne-316NTI9), isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokungaxhathisi abomeleleyo, ukwenza okuphezulu, kunye nokwenziwa kweendlela eziphezulu, kunye nokwenzakala okuphezulu, kunye nokwenziwa kweendlela eziphakamileyo. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali engenasitali, njengo-409, 410l, kunye ne-430, sibandakanyeke kakhulu kubushushu obuphezulu okanye ukumelana nokunganyangeki. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali engenasibala, enjengama-2205 ne-2507, nikezela amandla aphezulu kunye nokunganyangeki kakuhle, okubenza balungele izicelo kwiindawo ezinomgangatho ophezulu njengendawo zaselwandle.
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini anjengemichiza, ipetrochemical, amayeza, ukutya, ukwakhiwa, ukwakhiwa, inqwelo-mafutha, kunye ne-aerospace. Kumzi-mveliso wekhemikhali, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto isetyenziselwa ukuthutha iichemicals. Kwishishini lokutya, basetyenziselwa ukuqhubekeka nokutya kunye nokugcinwa ngenxa yeepropathi zabo zempilo. Kumzi-mveliso wokwakha, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela iinjongo zokuhombisa kwaye kwiinkqubo zokwenza izinto.
Ukuqukumbela, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto yinto ebalulekileyo enepropathi eyahlukileyo ebangela ukuba balungele izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuchasana kwabo nokunganyangeki, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nezibheno zobuhle zenze ukhetho oludumileyo kumashishini amaninzi.
2. Ukuhlelwa kwezinto
2.1 I-Austetitic Poipe engenasithulo
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali ehambileyo iyaziwa ngokuxhathisa kwabo okuhle, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye nokuzimela okuthe tyala. Le mibhobho inesisu esigxile kubuso betyhubhu. Izixhobo ezinjengama-304 (0CR18NI9), 321 (1cc18NI9TI), kunye ne-316N (00NI14) isetyenziswe ngokubanzi. Umxholo we-chromium kwezi tiels ubanika ukunganyangeki kwe-corrosion ngokwenza ungqimba olucekeceke kumphezulu. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali engenasibindi inokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo njengamakhamiheli, ukutya, kunye nolwakhiwo.
2.2 I-Ferric Pallic Pipe
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile idityaniswe ikakhulu yesakhiwo sekristali esijolise kuyo. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-409, 410l, kunye ne-430. Le mibhobho inolwazelelelo lobushushu obuphezulu kwaye iphantsi kakhulu xa ichasa i-corosions ephantsi xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi engenasiseko. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo apho kuya kufuneka ukuxhathisa kobushushu obuphezulu kodwa indalo ayikhathali kakhulu. Ngokweziphumo zokukhangela, intsimbi engenasitali inokuthi inyamezele amaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-950 ° C.
2.3 i-duppplex yentsimbi engenasitayile
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali inesimo esinesakhiwo esidibanisa zombini izigaba ze-austerite kunye nefreyiti. Izixhobo ezinje nge-2205 ne-2507 zixhaphakile. Le mibhobho inika amandla aphezulu kunye nokunganyangeki kakuhle. Zilungele izicelo kwiindawo zokuzonwabisa eziphezulu ezinjengeemeko zaselwandle. Intsimbi engenasithuba inamandla inomzimba wesivuno esinokubakho kabini ngentsimbi engenasidingo esiqhelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kunye neendleko zokwenza izixhobo.
2.4 I-SORCICTUTION SEBENZISA UKUQHUTYWA KWEXESHA LOKUGQIBELA
Ukunyanzelwa kweendlela zentsimbi ezingenasitali zenziwa ngenkqubo yonyango oluqinileyo kunye nokuqiniswa. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-17-4ph kunye ne-15-5ph. Ezi zithi zineepropathi ezintle zoomatshini kwaye zinokuba lukhuni ngonyango lobushushu. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo apho amandla aphezulu kunye nokunganyangeki kuyafuneka.
I-2.5 i-nickel alloy yentsimbi yentsimbi
I-nickel alloy alloy i-staipes yentsimbi iyosulungekile ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuxhathisa kobushushu obuphezulu. Izixhobo ezinje nge-Internel 625 ne-Intluy 800 isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ezi alloy ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-nickel, ebanika iipropathi zabo ezibalaseleyo. Banokukhusela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye neemeko ezinzima, ezibenza bazilungele izicelo kwi-aerospace, imichiza, kunye nemizi-mveliso yepetrochemical.
I-3. Ukusetyenziswa kombhobho wentsimbi engenanto
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwikhemikhali, ipetrochemical, amayeza, ukutya, ukwakhiwa, izakhiwo, i-aerospace kunye namanye amashishini azohlukeneyo.
3.1 Ishishini leekhemikhali
Kumzi-mveliso wekhemikhali, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhambiseni iichemicals. Ukuxhathisa i-corrosion yentsimbi engenasimo iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kombhobho kwaye kuthintela ukuvuza kunokubangela ukhuseleko kunye nengozi yokusingqongileyo. Ngokweziphumo zokukhangela, imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile inokumelana noluhlu olubanzi lweekhemikhali, kubandakanya ii-acids, iziseko kunye nezityu. Umzekelo, imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali engenasibindi esifana ne-316l ihlala isetyenziswa kwizityalo zekhemikhali ngenxa yokungaxhathisi kwabo ngokugqwesileyo kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko.
3.2 Ishishini lePerochemical
Kwishishini le-petrochemical, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto isetyenziselwa ukuthutha ioyile, igesi, kunye nezinye ii-hydrocarbons. Ukunganyangeki kobushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla entsimbi engenasitali kwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwii-receries kunye nemibhobho. Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenasiseko, kunye namandla abo aphakamileyo kunye nokungaxhathisi, ziluncedo kakhulu kwizicelo zeoyile ye-oyile kunye negesi apho indalo iquka.
3.3 Ishishini lamachiza
Kumzi-mveliso wamayeza, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto isetyenziselwa ukuthutha iziyobisi kunye nezinye iimveliso zamachiza. Ipropathi ecocekileyo yensimbi engenasimo ifanele ilungele ukusetyenziswa kumagumbi amahlatshana kunye nezinye iindawo ezingenamsebenzi. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile inokucocwa ngokulula kwaye inyanzelwe, iqinisekisa ubunyulu beemveliso ezithuthwayo.
3.4 Ishishini lokutya
Kwishishini lokutya, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kokutya kunye nokugcinwa. Ukunganyangeki kwe-corrosion kunye neepropathi ezicocekileyo zensimbi engenasitali kuyenza ikhuseleke ngokutya. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali ikwalula ukuyicoca kwaye ilondoloze, iqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko lokutya.
I-3.5 Ishishini lamandla
Kumzi-mveliso wamandla, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto isetyenziswa kwizityalo zamandla kunye neenkqubo zamandla ahlaziyiweyo. Ukunganyangeki kobushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla ensimbi engenasimo kwenze kufanelekile ukuba isetyenziswe kwi-boilers, abatshintshi beshushu, kunye neephaneli zelanga. Umzekelo, imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile inokuthi inyamezele amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-950 ° 2 ° C, ibenza balungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo zezityalo zamandla.
3.6 Imveliso yokwakha
Kumzi-mveliso wokwakha, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela iinjongo zokuhombisa kwaye kwiinkqubo zokwenza izinto. Isibheno esihle kunye nesidlo sensimbi engenasimo senza ukhetho oludumileyo lolwazi kunye nabaqulunqi. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto inokusetyenziselwa inkxaso yesakhiwo kwizakhiwo nakwiibhulorho.
3.7 Imveliso ye-Aerospace
Kumzi-mveliso wenqwelomoya kunye ne-aerospace, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto isetyenziselwa iinqwelomoya kunye nezinto zeSpacecraft. Amandla aphezulu kunye neendawo ezinokukhanya kwentsimbi zenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwi-injini, iinkqubo zefutha, kunye nezinto zesakhiwo. I-Nickel Affel Alo Alfall Poipes zentsimbi, kunye nokungavisisani kwabo ngokuncomekayo kunye nokuxhathisa kobushushu obuphezulu, zihlala zisetyenziswa kwezi zicelo.
Ukuqukumbela, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi ngenxa yepropathi yabo eyahlukileyo kunye nokuqalisa. Nokuba kuhambisa iikhemikhali ezibonakalayo, ukuqhubela ukutya, okanye imibhobho yentsimbi esebenzayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.
4. Ukuqukumbela
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto zizixhobo ezimangalisayo ngokwenene ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini amaninzi amaninzi. Ukudityaniswa kwabo okhethekileyo kokunganyangeki kwe-corosion, ukunyamezelana kobushushu obuphezulu, amandla, kunye neepropathi zempilo kubenza babe lukhetho olufanelekileyo kumasimi amaninzi.
Kwicandelo lemichiza, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto iqinisekisa ukuthutha ngokukhuselekileyo kweekhemikhali ezibonakalayo, ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngamandla okumelana noluhlu olwahluka lweekhemikhali, badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwemichiza.
Izibonelelo zeshishini lePetrochemical ukusuka kwinyameko yobushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla emibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile. Banokuthenjwa ngokuhambisa ioyile, igesi, kunye nee-hydrocarbons, nangakwindawo ezinobungozi elunxwemeni. Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenasitali, ngakumbi, zixatyisiwe kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwabo kunye nokungaxhathisi.
Kumzi-mveliso wamachiza, iipropathi ezicocekileyo zemibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubunyulu bamachiza kunye neemveliso zamayeza. Ukucocwa kwabo ekucoceni nasekucoceni kubenza babe kukhetho olukhethileyo lokugcina imeko yentengiso.
Umzi-mveliso wokutya uxhomekeke kwimibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali yokulungisa ukutya nokugcinwa. Ukuchasana nokungaxhathisi kwabo kunye nokhuseleko lokunxibelelana nokutya kubenza babe sisiseko ekhitshini nakwizityalo zokutya ukutya. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko lokutya kufezekiswa ngokulula ngemibhobho yentsimbi engenanto.
Umzi-mveliso wamandla usebenzisa imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto kwizityalo zamandla kunye neenkqubo zamandla ahlaziyiweyo. Ukunganyangekala kwabo kubushushu kunye namandla enobushushu obuphakamileyo kunye namandla kubaluleke kakhulu kubafundi, abatshintshi ubushushu, kunye neephaneli zelanga. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile engenasitali, kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukunyamezela ubushushu obuphezulu, zibaluleke kwizicelo ezithile zamandla.
Kumzi-mveliso wokwakha, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto yongeza isibheno kunye nokuqina. Zisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ukuhlobisa nokuhombisa kwiinkqubo zemibhobho, kunye nenkxaso yesakhiwo kwizakhiwo nakwibhulorho.
Umzi-mveliso wenqwelomoya kunye ne-aerospace uxhomekeke kwimibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali yeenqwelomoya kunye nezinto zeSpacecraft. Amandla abo aphezulu kunye neepropathi ezikhanyayo zenza balungele iinxalenye zenjini, iinkqubo zeoli, kunye nezinto zesakhiwo. I-Nickel Affel Alo Alfarty yentsimbi, kunye nokungavisisani kwabo ngokuncomekayo kunye nokuxhathisa kobushushu obuphezulu, kubalulekile kwezi zicelo zifunwayo.
Ukuqukumbela, imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto yindawo engenakuphikiswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukubaluleka kwabo kubuxoki babo ekufezekiseni iimfuno ezithile zamacandelo ahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukusebenza ngokukuko, kunye nokuqina. Njengoko itekhnoloji iyaqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili, ibango lemibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali inokuthi ihlale yomelele, kwaye enye intsha entsha kuyilo kunye nemveliso iya kuqhubeka nokwandisa izicelo zazo.
Ixesha leposi: Oct-31 ukuya kwi-2024